Python If-Else Statements — Selection & Conditionals for Beginners

Selections: if statement

Example: " If it is raining outside, then I carry umbrella."

In programming such logic is written using if statement.

If the answer to the if statement is True, then a certain process will be executed, else other processes will be executed.
Python programming language provides following types of decision making statements.

If..else
nested if
nested else if

A lower case if keyword must be used
The if statement must end with a colon :
The keyword else must be lower case and start at the same level as the keyword if
The keyword else must end with a colon :

Example 1 ( Condition with numeric )

        emirates = input(" How many emirates are in UAE? ")
        emirates = int(emirates)
        if(emirates == 7): 
            print(" Yes you are correct ")
        else:
            print(" No, there are 7 emirates ")

Here is the code and its output:
Selection in Python 3

Example 2 ( Condition with non numeric)

	capital = input(" What is capital of UAE? ")
        if(capital == " Abu Dhabi"): 
            print(" Yes you are correct ")
        else:
            print(" No, it is Abu Dhabi ")

Here is the code and its output:
Selection in Python 4

Note: String comparision is case sensitive.

Example 3 ( Condition with non numeric )

Write a Python program to calculate the cost of insurance based on the age. If the age of the subscriber is more than or equal 40 years, the cost will be 500 each month, otherwise the cost is 300 a month.

	    age = input (" What is your age? ")
	    age = int(age)
	    
	    insurance = 0
	    
	    if (age >= 40):
	        insurance = 500
	    else: 
	        insurance = 300
	    
	    print (insurance)

Logical Operators

When you have more than one condition in the same if statement [compound condition], then you need to use a logical operator. These logical operators simply allow you to request that both conditions must be met or only one of them.

If both are conditions must be True then use and
If Any one of the conditions is True then use or

Logical Operators-1
C1	C2	C1 and C2	C1 or C2
false	false	false	false
false	true	false	true
true	false	false	true
true	true	true	true

Logical Operators-2
Operator	Description	Example
and	If both the operands are true then condition becomes true.	3 >7 and 2<3
or	If any of the two operands are non-z ero then condition becomes true	7 > 7 or 2 < 3

Logical Operators ( 2 )

When you have more than one condition, it is recommended to group them using brackets.
Think of a situation when condition 1 to be met and one of the other two conditions

	        if (condition1) and (condition2 or condition3):
	            Process1
	        else: 
	            Process2
	        Nextprocess

Example 4 ( Condition with non numeric)

A child is eligible to enter a ride if his/her age is between 4 to 10. Write a Python program to read child’s age, decide and display if the child is eligible for ride or not.

	age= input("What is your age? ")
        age= int(age)
        if (age > 3 and age < 11): 
            print(" Yes you are eligible to ride " )
        else:
            print ("Sorry you are not eligible to ride ")

Here is the code and its output:
Selection in Python 5