Chemical Bonds
| Ionic | Covalent | Metallic |
|---|---|---|
| Results from the electrostatic attraction and cations between and anions. In ionic compounds, electrons transfer from cations to anions. Example: NaCl |
Results from sharing of electrons between two non-metallic atoms.
In ionic compounds, electrons transfer from cations to anions. Exists mainly among non−metallic elements. Example: HCl |
Mainly found in metals, where the metalsbonding electrons are free to move throughout the 3D structure of the metal. Example: Na |
Lewis Symbols
SymbolIt shows the symbol of each element as well as the number of the valence(outermost) electrons,on which bonding depends.Every valence electron is shown as a doton the element symbol. Dots are located around the 4 sides of the symbol, so that each side can be occupied by a max. of 2 dots. |
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Examples of Lewis Symbols and Relation with the Period Table
RemarksThe # of dots in a Lewis symbol is the same as the group #
The number of valence electrons can be predicted from a Lewis Symbol.
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The Octet Rule
The Octet Rule Applications in:- Ionic bonding formation
- Covalent bonding formation
Learning Further details on Exceptions to the Octet Rule is available through the link.